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Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) contributes to the neuroprotection by neural stem cells (NSCs) after ischemic stroke. Our aim was to explore whether LIF-transfected NSCs (LIF-NSCs) can ameliorate brain injury and promote neuroprotection in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. To accomplish this goal, we transfected NSCs with a lentivirus carrying the LIF gene to stably overexpress LIF. The LIF-NSCs reduced caspase 3 activation under conditions of oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. Transient cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), and LIF-NSCs were intravenously injected at 6 h post-ischemia. LIF-NSC treatment reduced the infarction volume and improved neurological recovery. Moreover, LIF-NSCs improved glial cell regeneration and ameliorated white matter injury in the MCAo rats. The NSCs acted as carriers and increased the expression of LIF in the lesions to protect against cerebral infarction, suggesting that LIF-NSCs could be a potential treatment for cerebral infarction.
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@#To establish a method for the determination of ketamine and MDA and their main metabolites in urine by solid phase microextraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In a urine sample supplemented with quantitative ketamine, norketamine, MDMA and MDA control. The solution was adjusted pH 11, added solid Na2CO3, heated and stirred at 60 °C. Then, the sample was extracted by SPME with 60 μm polydimethylsiloxane-vinylbenzene copolymer(PDMS/DVB ), a middle-polar coated fiber for 15 minutes and then analyzed by HPLC-MS. The result showed good linearity in the range of 0. 03-1. 0 μg/mL, r≥0. 999 2, and LOD was 0. 01 μg/mL, the value of the average recovery rate was varying from 97. 19%-105. 44%, and RSD was within 10%. The method is simple, safe and accurate, and can be used to determine ketamine, MDMA and their main metabolites in urine.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of transthoracic and mammary minimally invasive endoscopic surgery in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods Forward-looking inclusion 186 patients of papillary thyroid carcinoma in our hospital from August 2016 to June 2018,there were 113 males and 73 females.All the patients were divided into two groups at random by using SPSS 17.0 software,which were numbered 1 to 186 in sequence,and the patients were divided into two groups at random.Among them,105 cases were underwent transthoracic and mammary minimally invasive endoscopic surgery (observation group),81 cases were underwent open operation (control group).Compared the three groups of patients with operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative cervical autonomic activity time,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative pain score on the first day and postoperative complications and so on.The measured data were expressed by t test of group design data,the counting data were expressed byx2 test.Results There was no perioperative deaths and serious complications during perioperative in this two groups.No transmissible open operation was found in the observation group.The difference was not statistically significant in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between this two groups,[(55.83 ±4.52) min vs (56.72 ±6.28)min,t =3.158,P=0.284;(24.65 ± 8.13) ml vs (25.83 ±7.42) ml,t =4.146,P=0.173].The observation group was superior to the control group in postoperative cervical autonomic activity time,postoperative hospital stay and postoperative pain score on the first day [(1.58±0.24) dvs (2.77±0.61) d,t=7.355,P=0.020;(4.33 ±1.04) dvs (6.75 ±1.81) d,t=6.814,P=0.031;(2.15 ±0.71) scores vs (4.34 ±1.03) scores,t =6.923,P=0.026].There was no significant difference in postoperative complications (incisional infection,hypocalcemia,drinking water choking,hoarseness) between the two groups (x2 =1.674,P =0.643).The median follow-up was 10 months (monthly follow-up by telephone) and no recurrence occurred during the follow-up.Conclusion Transthoracic and mammary minimally invasive endoscopic surgery in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma has the advantages of small trauma,quick recovery and high aesthetic value,which is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Vancomycin has been widely prescribed as the first-line antibiotic in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other serious Gram-positive infections. Due to its large pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and narrow therapeutic range, it requires optimization of dosage to achieve target exposure. In this study, SmartDose, a decision support system for individualization of vancomycin dosage is developed using the maximum a posterior Bayesian estimation (MAPB) by the open-source language R combined with the population PK characteristics of vancomycin in Chinese patients. It provides initial design and adjustment of dose regimens based on the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) results, as well as a user-defined module to facilitate optimal vancomycin therapy. SmartDose has a high computational reliability, which is validated by NONMEM, the golden standard PK software. Meanwhile, SmartDose is established as a web-based application and its operational flexibility makes it an efficient tool for vancomycin dose optimization in routine clinical settings.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Meningioma is one of the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, but there are not many detailed studies on the sex, age, subtypes and locations of large series. This study was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics of meningioma cases consecutively operated on at a single institution in China from 2001 to 2010.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study investigated the demographic background of 7084 meningioma cases, and the subtypes and locations of the tumors. Sex and age distributions were analyzed, and the pathological subtypes were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The location of the meningiomas was also categorized.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The female:male ratio of the 7084 cases was 2.34:1. The mean age was 51.4 years (range, 11 months-86 years). The mean age of cases of WHO grade I meningioma was significantly older than that of grade II or III meningiomas (P < 0.001, Fisher's Least Significant Digit test). There was a significantly higher female:male ratio in WHO grade I meningiomas than in grade II or grade III meningiomas (2.57, 1.03 and 0.76, respectively; P < 0.001, χ(2) test). Meningothelial (n = 2061) and fibrous meningiomas (n = 3556) were the most common subtypes, comprising 79.3% of all meningiomas. All meningioma cases were classified into 23 locations in this study, with the cerebral convexity the most common site (38.33%, n = 2722). Cases with uncommon locations such as extra-cranial and sylvian fissure meningiomas were also present in this series.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Female predominance was found for benign meningiomas, while malignant subtypes showed male predominance. The mean age of patients with WHO grade I meningiomas was older than that of patients with higher-grade tumors. Meningothelial and fibrous meningiomas were the most common subtypes. The cerebral convexity was the most common meningioma location.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Age Distribution , China , Epidemiology , Meningioma , Epidemiology , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The Dextroscope system by Volume Interactions (Singapore) had been applied to minimally invasive neurosurgery in many units. This system enables the neurosurgeon to interact intuitively with the three-dimensional graphics in a direct manner resembling the way one communicates with the real objects. In the paper, we explored its values in pre-operation surgical planning for intracranial meningiomas resection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Brain computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) were performed on 10 patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas located on central groove area; brain CT, MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were performed on 10 patients with anterior skull base meningiomas and 10 patients with sphenoid ridge meningiomas. All these data were transferred to Dextroscope virtual reality system, and reconstructed. Then meningiomas, skull base, brain tissue, drainage vein and cerebral arteries were displayed within the system, and their anatomic relationships were evaluated. Also, the simulation operations were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For parasagittal and falcine meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with drainage vein and superior sagittal sinus were clearly displayed in the Dextroscope system. For anterior skull base and sphenoid ridge meningiomas, the relationships of tumor with bilateral internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries and skull base were vividly displayed within the virtual reality system. Surgical planning and simulation operation of all cases were performed as well. The real operations of all patients were conducted according to the simulation with well outcomes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>According to the virtual reality planning, neurosurgeons could get more anatomic information about meningioma and its surrounding structures, especially important vessels, and choose the best approach for tumor resection, which would lead to better prognosis for patients.</p>